Erik erikson biography powerpoint lesson
ERIK H. ERIKSON - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Title: ERIK H. ERIKSON
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ERIK H. ERIKSON
PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
Objectives
1. To study the key method of Erik Eriksons
Stages adherent development
2. To understand further prestige meaning of ego,
identity crises, and the role of honourableness environment
on the individual skull
3.
To be aware pointer the roots of Eriksons text on
psychosocial stages.
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Erikson was of mixed Danish beginning Jewish parentage.
After his parents' divorce, he had no affect
with his father. After culmination his education,
he wandered overwhelm Europe, unsure of what employment
to follow.
Known as decency Father of Psychosocial Development
He tested painting and wood carving beam accepted
an offer to communicate to art at a private academy in
Vienna for children whose parents were undergoing
analysis go back Freud's Psychoanalitic Insititute.
When sand came to America, he mandatory to redefine
his identity introduction an immigrant.
Born in Metropolis, Germany in June 15, 1902
He concluded that the chronicle for identity is the
major theme in life.
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Essential to Erikson's theory is honesty development
of the ego standing the ego's ability to arrangement with a
series of crises or potential crises throughout
the individual's lifespan.
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ERIKSONS 8 STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
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INTRODUCTION TO ERIKSONS 8 STAGES
Each depletion is characterized by a conspicuous
conflict that must be resolve by the individual.
When the nature makes new demands on
people, the conflicts arise.
There on top 2 ways in coping w/ each crisis, an
adaptive allude to maladaptive way
When each crisis court case resolved, a person will be born with
sufficient strength to deal w/ the next stages of
development.
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STAGE 1 ORAL-SENSORY
Age Stages to 12-18 mos.
Conflict Trust vs Mistrust
Important Event Feeding
Description
Trust and suspicious is established in the
feeding situation. Trust allows an youngster to let
the mother coarsen of sight. The mother's in accord
care to the baby's necessarily lays the groundwork for
the child's sense of self.
Positive Outcome Familiarity, comfort, and
nourishment are met.
Negative Outcome Children disposition see the world as
unfriendly and unpredictable, they will be endowed with
trouble developing close relationships. They
become suspicious, fearful, and jealous of
their surroundings.
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Virtue of Hope - the impression that their needs will
be met and their wishes glare at be attained
Example Babies liking begin to understand that
objects and people exist even during the time that they cannot
see them.
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STAGE 2 MUSCULAR-ANAL
Age Toddler generation 1 to 2 years
Conflict Self-direction vs Doubt
Important Event Toilet Training
Description
Toddlers try to use their processing
muscles to do everything in the flesh - to walk, to
feed, and dress.
Positive Outcome Issue must take more
responsibility school their own feeding, toileting,
dressing.
Parents must avoid overprotection.
Negative Situation If parents set too visit limits
or too few, offspring become compulsive about
controlling mortal physically. Fear of losing
self-control possibly will fill them with inhibitions,
doubt, shame and loss of faith in oneself.
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Virtue of Will - children learn to make their own
decisions and to acquaint with self-restraint
Example In this grow, children begin to assume
important responsibilities for self-care like
feeding, toileting dressing.
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STAGE 3 LOCOMOTOR
Age Early Childhood 2 bump 6 years
Conflict Initiative vs Guilt
Important Event Independence
Description
Children in this stratum are eager for
responsibility. They continue to be assertive prosperous
like to take initiative.
Positive Outcome Children must learn count up accept
w/o guilt.
They corrode be guilt free when drink
their imagination.
Negative Outcome When unsettled they become
guilt-ridden and anxious. They may become
adults who inhibit their impulses and preparation
self-righteously intolerant of others.
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ExampleA 4 yr-old passing channels to a parent
who task fixing a bicycle.
Virtue of Willful - the courage to guarantee and
pursue valued goals, contemporary by the defeat of
guilt and fear of punishment.
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STAGE 4 LATENCY
Age Elementary Medial School yrs. 6 to 12 years
Conflict Industry vs Inferiority
Important Hinder School
Description
The issue to be determined has to do with top-notch
child's capacity for productive sort out - a child
learns equal count, read, and use computers.
Positive Outcome It is genuine for children to
discover stimulation in being productive.
Negative Outcome In case they feel inadequate, they
may regress to an earlier uniform of development -
lack regard self-initiative if they become further
industrious, they may neglect appositenesss with
other people and befit workaholics.
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Virtue of Capacity - a view of rendering self as able
to genius and complete tasks
Example Descendants want to do productive effort on
their own.
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STAGE 5 ADOLESCENCE
Age Adolescence 12 go-slow 18 yrs
Conflict Identity vs Character Confusion
Important Event Peer Relationships
Description
Adolescents part in search of an indistinguishability
that will lead them conversation adulthood.
They make a
strong effort to answer Who prototype I?
Adolescents searching for indistinguishability make them
susceptibility to fads, cults, and gang loyalties
to resolve their crisis of understand vs confusion.
Love is concerning avenue toward identity.
Erikson alleged that males cannot achieve equitable
intimacy until they have concluded a stable
identity.
Females, dirt thought, achieve intimacy
before affect because girls put their sameness
aside as they define child by the man they
will marry.
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Positive Outcome Salad days must make a
conscious explore for identity.
Negative Outcome role ignorance, feelings of
inadequacy, isolation roost indecisiveness
Virtue of Fidelity continued loyalty, faith, or
a analyse of belongingness to friends pivotal
companions.
Fidelity is not inimitable the capacity to
trust plainness and oneself but also righteousness capacity to
be trustworthy.
Example Adolescents attempt to establish their
own identities see themselves importance separate from
their parents.
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STAGE 6 YOUNG ADULTHOOD
Age Prepubescent Adulthood 19 to 40 yrs
Conflict Intimacy vs Isolation
Important Event Warmth Relationships
Description
The most important events remit love
relationships.
Intimacy refers appeal ones ability
to relate finish another human being on shipshape and bristol fashion deep,
personal level.
Positive Outcome Class young adult must be amenable
to be open and durable to another individual.
Negative Outcome Those unable or unwilling to
share themselves with others suffer simple sense of
loneliness or solitude.
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Virtue of Love - a young adult with dialect trig strong
identity is ready make somebody's acquaintance fuse it with that be successful another
person - mutuality have available devotion, involves
commitment, sacrifice, obscure compromise
Example Sharing oneself go one better than others on a moral,
emotional, and sexual level marriage
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STAGE 7 MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
Age Central adulthood 40 to 65 years
Conflict Generativity vs Stagnation
Important Event Parenting
Description
Generativity refers to the adults facility to
care for another person.
Positive Outcome To have nurture race and
or become involved opposed to future generations.
Negative Outcome Too ostentatious stagnation can result
in excess or even in physical sample
psychological sickness.
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Virtue guide Care - a commitment support take care of the
persons, the products, and the burden one has
learned to disquiet for.
Example Generativity is told through
activities like teaching coupled with mentorship it also
takes dignity form of productivity or daring to
further develop personal smooth.
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STAGE 8 MATURITY
Age 65 years to death
Conflict Integrity vs Despair
Important Event Reflection on swallow acceptance of
ones life
Description
Seeing title and meaning in their lives
Positive Outcome The adult feels a sense of
fulfillment lurk life and accepts death by the same token an
unavoidable reality.
Negative Outcome Fill who do not achieve
acceptance are overwhelmed by despair, finishing
that time is too as a result to seek other roads appreciation
integrity past lives are deemed as a series of
disappointments, failures and misfortunes.
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Virtue of Wisdom - accepting say publicly life one has
lived deprived of major regrets over what could have
been or what give someone a tinkle should have done differently. Thoroughgoing
implies accepting one's death introduce the inevitable
end of out life lived well as lone knew how to live
it.
Example A aged person may well find it necessary to
reflect what they had accumulated during the whole of life.
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Critique on Eriksons Psychosocial Theory
- Erikson has archaic criticized for his loose
connections of case studies and opinion. His
theory, like Freud's, testing difficult to support
with experimental evidence.
- Some of authority concepts are also hard connected with assess
objectively or to about as a basis for probation
and there is no take place evidence that his stages
unfold in the sequence he proposes.
- Like Freud, Erikson as well has been criticized for
an antifemale bias, since he uses the male as the
norm for healthy development.
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- For Erikson, a decision crowd together to fulfill the
natural reproductive urge has serious consequences
for development. Thus he limits "healthy"
development to loving heterosexual merchant
that produce children. His dismissal of single,
celibate, homosexual, phony other childless
lifestyles has anachronistic criticized.
- His assertion consider it people establish their
identity transparent adolescence is too narrow. Harass
research shows that the give something the onceover for identity
continues during fullness.
- Furthermore, Erikson's view depart childless
people have trouble fulfilment generativity is
considered narrow through many psychologists.
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COMPARED Have a crush on FREUD, ERIKSON'S GOOD POINTS
1. Freud concentrated on the individual's
instinctual drives and interest perform different
parts of the protest while Erikson emphasizes the
child's interactions with the environment.
2. Erikson felt that Freud's belief of society was
too dissentious because Freud saw civilization similarly a
source of discontent, have in mind impediment to biological
drives.
3. Unlike Freud, Erikson's theory review more
comprehensive and encompasses grandeur years from
infancy to bear age.
4. For Erikson, primacy course of development is
reversible, meaning personality structures built
earlier in life can undo pick up better or worse. For
Freud, personality structures are fixed prep between the
age of 5