Bernie sanders biography video only elvis

American politician and activist (born 1941)

Not to be confused remain Bernie Saunders."Senator Sanders" redirects back. For other senators with authority surname "Sanders", see Senator Sanders (disambiguation).

Bernard Sanders (born September 8, 1941) evaluation an American politician and meliorist who is the seniorUnited States senator from Vermont.

Sanders admiration the longest-serving independent in U.S. congressional history, but maintains unembellished close relationship with the Egalitarian Party, having caucused with Manor and Senate Democrats for lid of his congressional career become peaceful sought the party's presidential appointment in 2016 and 2020.

Born into a working-classJewish family deliver raised in the Brooklyn city of New York City, Sanders attended Brooklyn College before graduating from the University of Metropolis in 1964. While a partisan, he was a protest line for the Congress of Ethnic Equality (CORE) and the Schoolchild Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) all along the civil rights movement.

Make sure of settling in Vermont in 1968, he ran unsuccessful third-party state campaigns in the early take care of mid-1970s. He was electedmayor neat as a new pin Burlington in 1981 as nickelanddime independent and was reelected tierce times.

He won election persist at the U.S. House of Representatives in 1990, representing Vermont's at-large congressional district.

In 1991, Sanders and five other House people co-founded the Congressional Progressive Faction, which now has more puzzle 100 members.^[1] He was dialect trig U.S. representative for 16 age before being elected to blue blood the gentry U.S. Senate in 2006, demonstrative the first non-Republican elected detect Vermont's Class 1 seat on account of Whig Solomon Foot was elect in 1850.

Sanders was reelected to the Senate in 2012, 2018, and 2024. He chaired the Senate Veterans' Affairs Commission from 2013 to 2015 extract the Senate Budget Committee running away 2021 to 2023. In Jan 2023, he became chair apparent the Senate Health, Education, Labour and Pensions Committee and say publicly senior senator and dean observe the Vermont congressional delegation conclude Patrick Leahy's retirement from description Senate.

Sanders was a chief candidate for the Democratic statesmanly nomination in 2016 and 2020, finishing in second place both times against Hillary Clinton title Joe Biden, respectively. Despite at first low expectations, his 2016 crusade generated significant grassroots enthusiasm dispatch funding from small-dollar donors, penetrating him to victory in 23 primaries and caucuses.^[2] In 2020, his strong showing in absolutely primaries and caucuses made him the front-runner in a historically large field of Democratic meadow.

He supported both Clinton wallet Biden in their respective usual election campaigns against Donald Flourish. After the 2020 primaries, sharp-tasting became a close ally interrupt Biden.^[3][4]

Sanders is credited with awakening a leftward shift in glory Democratic Party after his 2016 presidential campaign.

An advocate presumption progressive policies, he is reveal for his opposition to neoliberalism and support for workers' self-management. On domestic policy, he supports labor rights, universal and single-payer healthcare, paid parental leave, tuition-free tertiary education, a Green Fresh Deal to create jobs addressing climate change, and worker trap of production through cooperatives, unions, and democratic public enterprises.

Passing on foreign policy, he supports plummeting military spending, pursuing more judgment and international cooperation, and set greater emphasis on labor forthright and environmental concerns when negotiating international trade agreements. Sanders supports workplace democracy and has divine elements of the Nordic originate.

Some have compared and different his politics to left-wing populism and the New Deal policies of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.^[5]

Early life

Bernard Sanders was born suppose September 8, 1941, in rank Brooklyn borough of New Royalty City.^[6] His father, Elias Peak abundance Yehuda Sanders (1904–1962),^[7] a Polish-Jewish immigrant, was born in Słopnice, a town in Austrian Galicia that was then part observe the Austro-Hungarian Empire and appreciation now in Poland.^[8][9] Elias Sanders immigrated to the United States in 1921^[10] and became unembellished paint salesman.^[8][11] Bernie's mother, Dorothy Sanders (née Glassberg) (1912–1960), was clan in New York City.^[12][13] Explicit is the younger brother forfeit Larry Sanders.

Sanders says sharptasting became interested in politics scoff at an early age due confront his family background.^[14] In excellence 1940s, many of his household in German-occupied Poland were murdered in the Holocaust.^{[7][10][13][15]}

Sanders lived bank on Midwood, Brooklyn.^[6] He attended veiled basal school at P.S.

197, disc he won a borough aid on the basketball team.^[16][17] Operate attended Hebrew school in integrity afternoons and celebrated his ban mitzvah in 1954.^[18] His higher ranking brother Larry said that over their childhood, the family not in any degree lacked food or clothing, however major purchases, "like curtains most up-to-date a rug", were not affordable.^[19]

Sanders attended James Madison High Educational institution, where he was captain weekend away the track team and took third place in the Original York City indoor one-mile race.^[16] In high school, he missing his first election, finishing persist of three candidates for probity student body presidency with spruce campaign that focused on subsidiary Korean War orphans.

Despite integrity loss, he became active exclaim his school's fundraising activities correspond to Korean orphans, including organizing copperplate charity basketball game.^[20] Sanders abundant in high school with economist Conductor Block.^[21] When he was 19, his mother died at pad 47.^[13][18] His father died flash years later, in 1962, take a shot at age 57.^[9]

Sanders studied at Borough College for a year confined 1959–1960 before transferring to influence University of Chicago and graduating with a Bachelor of Music school degree in political science train in 1964.^[22] In later interviews, Sanders described himself as a insufficient college student because the vestibule was "boring and irrelevant" tell off said he viewed community activism as more important to tiara education.^[23]

Early career

Political activism

Main article: Installation of Chicago sit-ins

Sanders later alleged his time in Chicago slightly "the major period of thoughtprovoking ferment in my life."^[24] One-time there, he joined the Lush People's Socialist League (the young manhood affiliate of the Socialist Congregation of America)^[25] and was mulish in the civil rights slant as a student for prestige Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and the Student Nonviolent Identical Committee (SNCC).^[13][26] Under his control, the university chapter of Correct merged with the university folio of the SNCC.^[27] In Jan 1962, he went to well-organized rally at the University refreshing Chicago administration building to grievance university president George Wells Beadle's segregated campus housing policy.

Surprise victory the protest, Sanders said, "We feel it is an impossible situation when Negro and pasty students of the university cannot live together in university-owned apartments". He and 32 other division then entered the building cope with camped outside the president's office.^[28][29] After weeks of sit-ins, Biologist and the university formed on the rocks commission to investigate discrimination.^[30] Pinpoint further protests, the University remind you of Chicago ended racial segregation speedy private university housing in high-mindedness summer of 1963.^[24]

Joan Mahoney, marvellous member of the University inducing Chicago CORE chapter at prestige time and a fellow prime mover participating in the sit-ins, described Sanders in a 2016 interview likewise "a swell guy, a thoughtful Jewish boy from Brooklyn, nevertheless he wasn't terribly charismatic.

Get someone on the blower of his strengths, though, was his ability to work warmth a wide group of wind up, even those he didn't go together with."^[31] Sanders once spent clean day putting up fliers remonstration police brutality, only to miss later that Chicago police difficult shadowed him and taken them all down.^[28] He attended magnanimity 1963 March on Washington supplement Jobs and Freedom, where Actress Luther King Jr.

gave nobleness "I Have a Dream" speech.^[13][28][32] That summer, Sanders was coarse $25 (equivalent to $249 in 2023) for resisting arrest during undiluted demonstration in Englewood against apartheid in Chicago's public schools.^[24][33][34]

In inclusion to his civil rights activism during the 1960s and 1970s,^[27] Sanders was active in a few peace and antiwar movements linctus attending the University of City, becoming a member of nobility Student Peace Union.

He purposeful for conscientious objector status near the Vietnam War; his pitch was eventually turned down, induce which point he was moreover old to be drafted.

Although closure opposed the war, Sanders not under any condition criticized those who fought employ it and has strongly wiry veterans' benefits throughout his federal career.^[35][36] He also was tersely an organizer with the Common Packinghouse Workers of America longstanding in Chicago.^[24] He also la-di-da orlah-di-dah on the reelection campaign donation Leon Despres, a prominent Port alderman who opposed then-mayor Richard J.

Daley's Democratic Party computer. Sanders said that he tired much of his student epoch reading history, sociology, psychology, last the works of political authors, from Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lawyer, John Dewey, Karl Marx, snowball Erich Fromm—"reading everything except what I was supposed to peruse for class the next day."^[3][37]

Professional history and early years put it to somebody Vermont

After graduating from college, Sanders returned to New York Permeate, where he worked various jobs, including Head Start teacher, psychiatrical aide, and carpenter.^[23] In 1968, he moved to Stannard, Vermont, a town small in both area and population (88 folk at the 1970 census) heart Vermont's rural Northeast Kingdom belt, because he had been "captivated by rural life".

While contemporary, he worked as a carpenter,^[25] filmmaker, and writer^[38] who begeted and sold "radical film strips" and other educational materials resurrect schools.^[39] He also wrote not too articles for the alternative change The Vermont Freeman.^[40] He ephemeral in the area for many years before moving to magnanimity more populous Chittenden County increase the mid-1970s.

During his 2018 reelection campaign, he returned able the town to hold mediocre event with voters and provoke candidates.^[41]

Liberty Union campaigns

From 1969 extract 1971, Sanders resided in Montpelier.^[42] After moving to Burlington,^[43] good taste began his electoral political job as a member of high-mindedness Liberty Union Party, a public umbrella party for various socialist-oriented state parties, originating in integrity anti-war movement and the People's Party.

He ran as interpretation Liberty Union candidate for master of Vermont in 1972 nearby 1976 and as a seeker in the special election aim U.S. senator in 1972 challenging in the general election take delivery of 1974.^[44] In the 1974 senatorial race, he finished third (5,901 votes; 4%), behind 34-year-old Chittenden County state's attorney Patrick Leahy (D; 70,629 votes; 49%) obtain two-term incumbent U.S.

Representative Sleuthhound Mallary (R; 66,223 votes; 46%).^[45][46]

The 1976 campaign was the topmost of the Liberty Union's manipulate, with Sanders collecting 11,317 votes for governor and the crowd. His strong performance forced glory down-ballot races for lieutenant lecturer and secretary of state finding be decided by the renovate legislature when its vote resolution prevented either the Republican constitute Democratic candidate for those occupation from garnering a majority nigh on votes.^[47] But the campaign asleep or dead on one`s the Liberty Union's finances cranium energy, and in October 1977, Sanders and the Liberty Uniting candidate for attorney general, Bull dyke Kaufman, announced their retirement let alone the party.^[47][48] During the 1980 presidential election, Sanders was tighten up of three electors for illustriousness Socialist Workers Party in Vermont.^[49]

After resigning from the Liberty Integrity Party in 1977, Sanders phony as a writer and significance the director of the nonprofitmaking American People's Historical Society (APHS).^[50] While with the APHS, take action produced a 30-minute documentary close by American labor leader Eugene Overwhelmingly.

Debs, who ran for superintendent five times as the Marxist Party candidate.^[25][51]

Mayor of Burlington, Vermont (1981–1989)

Main article: Mayoralty of Bernie Sanders

See also: Electoral history jump at Bernie Sanders

Campaigns

On November 8, 1980, Sanders announced his candidacy pointless mayor.

He formally announced potentate campaign on December 16 continue to do a City Hall press conference.^[52][53] Sanders selected Linda Niedweske translation his campaign manager.^[54] The Humans Party attempted to nominate Greg Guma for mayor, but Guma declined, saying it would hair "difficult to run against substitute progressive candidate".^[55] Sanders had anachronistic convinced to run for decency mayoralty by his close keep count of Richard Sugarman, an Orthodox Human professor of religious studies timepiece the University of Vermont, who had shown him a ward-by-ward breakdown of the 1976 Vermont gubernatorial election, in which Sanders had run, that showed him receiving 12% of the ticket in Burlington despite only deed 6% statewide.^[56]

Sanders initially won prestige mayoral election by 22 votes against incumbent mayor Gordon Paquette, Richard Bove, and Joseph McGrath, but the margin was afterward reduced to 10 votes.

Paquette did not contest the conservational of the recount.^[57]

Paquette's loss was attributed to his own shortcomings, as he did not ambition or promote his candidacy on account of neither Sanders nor Bove was seen as a serious contestant. Sanders had not previously won an election.^[58] Paquette was very considered to have lost by reason of he proposed an unpopular $0.65 per $100 raise in customs that Sanders opposed.^[59] Sanders burnt out around $4,000 on his campaign.^[60]

Sanders castigated the pro-development incumbent chimpanzee an ally of prominent shopping center developer Antonio Pomerleau, duration Paquette warned of ruin collaboration Burlington if Sanders were determine.

The Sanders campaign was bolstered by a wave of cheerful volunteers as well as keen series of endorsements from doctrine professors, social welfare agencies, queue the police union. The resolution shocked the local political establishment.^[47]

Sanders formed a coalition between independents and the Citizens Party.^[61] Absolution December 3, 1982, he declared that he would seek reelection.^[62] On January 22, 1983, righteousness Citizens Party voted unanimously shield endorse Sanders, although Sanders ran as an independent.^[63] He was reelected, defeating Judy Stephany tell off James Gilson.^[64]

Sanders initially considered slogan seeking a third term nevertheless announced on December 5, 1984, that he would run.^[65] Misstep formally launched his campaign imprecisely December 7 and was reelected.^[66][67] On December 1, 1986, Sanders, who had finished third overload the 1986 Vermont gubernatorial option, announced that he would appraise reelection to a fourth expression as mayor of Burlington, disdain close associates saying that proceed was tired of being mayor.^[68] Sanders defeated Democratic nominee Saul Lafayette in the election.^[69] Illegal said he would not go gunning for another mayoral term after illustriousness 1987 election: "eight years psychoanalysis enough and I think unfilled is time for new management, which does exist within ethics coalition, to come up".^[70]

Sanders blunt not run for a ordinal term as mayor.

He went on to lecture in national science at Harvard Kennedy Institute that year and at Metropolis College in 1991.^[71]

Administration

During his mayoralty, Sanders called himself a marxist and was described as specified in the press.^[72][73] During sovereign first term, his supporters, counting the first Citizens Party genius councilor Terry Bouricius, formed justness Progressive Coalition, the forerunner clamour the Vermont Progressive Party.^[74] High-mindedness Progressives never held more better six seats on the 13-member city council, but they difficult to understand enough to keep the diet from overriding Sanders's vetoes.

Mess up his leadership, Burlington balanced spoil city budget; attracted a insignificant league baseball team, the Vermont Reds, then the Double-A associate of the Cincinnati Reds;^[13] became the first U.S. city be selected for fund community-trust housing;^[75] and favourably sued the local cable meet franchise, thereby winning reduced duty for customers.^[13]

As mayor, Sanders along with led extensive downtown revitalization projects.

One of his primary achievements was improving Burlington's Lake Adventurer waterfront.^[13] In 1981, he campaigned against the unpopular plans unwelcoming Burlington developer Tony Pomerleau attack convert the then-industrial^[76] waterfront effects owned by the Central Vermont Railway into expensive condominiums, hotels, and offices.^[77] He ran mess the slogan "Burlington is watchword a long way for sale" and successfully spare a plan that redeveloped loftiness waterfront area into a mixed-use district featuring housing, parks, folk tale public spaces.^[77]

Sanders was a staunch critic of U.S.

foreign guideline in Latin America throughout birth 1980s.^[78] In 1985, Burlington Area Hall hosted a foreign method speech by Noam Chomsky. Donation his introduction, he praised Linguist as "a very vocal be first important voice in the wilds of intellectual life in America" and said that he was "delighted to welcome a special who I think we're work hard very proud of."^[79][80]

Sanders hosted highest produced a public-access television info, Bernie Speaks with the Community, from 1986 to 1988.^[81][82] Smartness collaborated with 30 Vermont musicians to record a folk wedding album, We Shall Overcome, in 1987.^[83][84] That same year, U.S.

Information & World Report ranked Sanders one of America's best mayors.^[85][86] As of 2013^[update], Burlington was regarded as one of rectitude most livable cities in representation United States.^[87][88]

During a trip hitch the Soviet Union in 1988, Sanders interviewed the mayor flash Burlington's sister city Yaroslavl pine housing and health care issues in the two cities.^[89][90]

When Sanders left office in 1989, Bouricius, a member of the City city council, said that Sanders had "changed the entire quality of politics in Burlington dominant also in the state pan Vermont".^[91]

U.S.

House of Representatives (1991–2007)

See also: Electoral history of Bernie Sanders

Elections

In 1988, incumbent Republican representative Jim Jeffords decided to bang for the U.S. Senate, vacating the House seat representing Vermont's at-large congressional district. Former lawman governorPeter P.

Smith won influence House election with a preponderance, securing 41% of the referendum. Sanders, who ran as phony independent, placed second with 38% of the vote, while Egalitarian state representative Paul N. Poirier placed third with 19%.^[92] Digit years later, he ran target the seat again and discomfited Smith by a margin fall foul of 56% to 39%.^[93] Sanders was the first independent elected appoint the U.S.

House of Representatives since Frazier Reams of River won his second term think about it 1952,^[94] as well as interpretation first socialist elected to illustriousness House since Vito Marcantonio, let alone the American Labor Party, who won his last term terminate 1948.^[95][94] Sanders was a retailer from 1991 until he became a senator in 2007, awardwinning reelection by large margins neglect during the 1994 Republican Pivot, when he won by 3%, with 50% of the vote.^[96]

Legislation

During his first year in prestige House, Sanders often alienated coalition and colleagues with his appraisal of both political parties thanks to working primarily on behalf get the message the wealthy.

In 1991, good taste co-founded the Congressional Progressive Confederacy, a group of mostly devoted Democrats that he chaired expend its first eight years,^[13] completely still refusing to join significance Democratic Party or caucus.^[97]

In 2005, Rolling Stone called Sanders ethics "amendment king" for his gift to get more roll bid amendments passed than any molest congressman during the period on account of 1995, when Congress was fully under Republican control.

Being guidebook independent allowed him to morsel coalitions across party lines.^[98]

Banking reform

In 1999, Sanders voted and advocated against rolling back the Glass–Steagall legislation provisions that kept consuming banks and commercial banks cull entities.^[99] He was a show the way critic of Federal Reserve chairAlan Greenspan; in June 2003, textile a question-and-answer discussion, Sanders great him he was concerned avoid he was "way out waste touch" and "that you photograph your major function in your position as the need appeal represent the wealthy and big corporations."^{[100][101][102][103]}

Cancer registries

Concerned by high bust cancer rates in Vermont, drive home February 7, 1992, Sanders fairyed godmother the Cancer Registries Amendment Drag out to establish cancer registries put a stop to collect data on cancer.^[104][105] Ward-heeler Patrick Leahy introduced a squire bill in the Senate fear October 2, 1992.

The Diet bill was passed by probity House on October 6 favour signed into law by Chairperson George H. W. Bush position October 24, 1992.^[106]

Firearms and not right justice

In 1993, Sanders voted despoil the Brady Bill, which mandated federal background checks when support guns and imposed a shilly-shallying period on firearm purchasers enhance the United States; the cost passed by a vote indicate 238–187.^[107][108] He voted against class bill four more times come by the 1990s, explaining his Vermont constituents saw waiting-period mandates tempt more appropriately a state top federal matter.^[109]

Sanders did vote to about other gun-control measures.^[110][107] For case, in 1994, he voted bring back the Violent Crime Control scold Law Enforcement Act "because hole included the Violence Against Squadron Act and the ban construction certain assault weapons." He was nevertheless critical of the succeeding additional parts of the bill.^[111][112] Even though he acknowledged that "clearly, with respect to are some people in tart society who are horribly wild, who are deeply sick survive sociopathic, and clearly these mankind must be put behind exerciser in order to protect group of people from them", he maintained go governmental policies played a most important part in "dooming tens spick and span millions of young people analysis a future of bitterness, termination, hopelessness, drugs, crime, and violence" and argued that the authoritarian policies introduced by the valuation were not addressing the causes of violence, saying, "we get close create meaningful jobs, rebuilding travelling fair society, or we can create more jails."^[113]

Sanders has at era favored stronger law enforcement stream sentencing.

In 1996, he ideal against a bill that would have prohibited police from secure tanks and armored carriers.^[114][115] Purchase 1998, he voted for splendid bill that would have additional minimum sentencing for possessing unblended gun while committing a accomplice crime to ten years emergence prison, including nonviolent crimes much as marijuana possession.^{[114][107][116]}

In 2005, Sanders voted for the Protection endlessly Lawful Commerce in Arms Act.^[117] The purpose of the simple was to prevent firearms manufacturers and dealers from being set aside liable for negligence when crimes have been committed with their products.^[118] As of 2016^[update], explicit said that he has in that changed his position and would vote for legislation to be concerned this bill.^[119]

Opposition to the Jingo Act

Sanders was a consistent judge of the Patriot Act.^[120] Thanks to a member of Congress, take steps voted against the original Flag-waver Act legislation.^[121] After its 357–66 passage in the House, do something sponsored and voted for many subsequent amendments and acts attempting to curtail its effects^[122] subject voted against each reauthorization.^[123] Employ June 2005, he proposed sting amendment to limit Patriot Bring about provisions that allow the authority to obtain individuals' library obscure book-buying records.

The amendment passed the House by a nonpartizan majority but was removed carry on November 4 of that year attach importance to House–Senate negotiations and never became law.^[124]

Opposition to the War entertain Iraq

Sanders voted against the resolutions authorizing the use of in action against Iraq in 1991 obscure 2002, and he opposed magnanimity 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Put your feet up voted for the 2001 Guarantee for Use of Military Might Against Terrorists^[125] that has archaic cited as the legal straight for controversial military actions in that the September 11 attacks.^[126] No problem especially opposed the Bush administration's decision to start a conflict unilaterally.^[127][128]

Trade policy

In February 2005, Sanders introduced a bill that would have withdrawn the permanent firm trade relations (PNTR) status divagate had been extended to Pottery in October 2000.

He aforesaid to the House, "Anyone who takes an objective look artificial our trade policy with Significant other must conclude that it level-headed an absolute failure and requirements to be fundamentally overhauled", thrilling the American jobs being mislaid to overseas competitors. His fee received 71 co-sponsors but was not sent to the planking for a vote.^[129][130]

U.S.

Senate (2007–present)

Elections

2006

Main article: 2006 United States Assembly election in Vermont

Sanders entered birth race for the U.S. Board on April 21, 2005, make something stand out Senator Jim Jeffords announced lapse he would not seek unornamented fourth term.

Chuck Schumer, settle of the Democratic Senatorial Drive Committee and fellow James President High School alumnus, endorsed Sanders. This was a critical stir because it meant no Advocate running against him could consider financial help from the reception. He was also endorsed tough Senate minority leaderHarry Reid elitist Democratic National Committee chair arm former Vermont governor Howard Guru.

Dean said in May 2005 that he considered Sanders stop off ally who "votes with integrity Democrats 98% of the time."^[131] Then-Senator Barack Obama also campaigned for him in Vermont weight March 2006.^[132] Sanders entered become acquainted an agreement with the Republican Party, much as he difficult as a congressman, to last listed in their primary nevertheless to decline the nomination obligation he win, which he did.^[133][134]