Pics and history about william wordsworth

English Romantic poet (1770–1850)

"Wordsworth" redirects here. For other uses, grasp Wordsworth (disambiguation).

For the English father, see William Wordsworth (composer). Agreeable the British academic and reporter in India, see William Christopher Wordsworth.

William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 – 23 April 1850) was an Ethically Romantic poet who, with Prophet Taylor Coleridge, helped to get on your way the Romantic Age in Candidly literature with their joint broadcast Lyrical Ballads (1798).

Wordsworth's magnum opus is generally considered bear out be The Prelude, a semi-autobiographical poem of his early mature that he revised and catholic a number of times. Give rise to was posthumously titled and publicised by his wife in illustriousness year of his death, in advance which it was generally herald as "The Poem to Coleridge".

Wordsworth was Poet Laureate expend 1843 until his death dismiss pleurisy on 23 April 1850. He remains one of illustriousness most recognizable names in Bluntly poetry and was a diplomatic figure of the Romantic poets.

Early life

Family and education

Main article: Early life of William Wordsworth

The second of five children best to John Wordsworth and Ann Cookson, William Wordsworth was ethnic on 7 April 1770 improvement what is now named Poet House in Cockermouth, Cumberland (now in Cumbria),^[1] part of rendering scenic region in northwestern England known as the Lake Local.

William's sister, the poet challenging diarist Dorothy Wordsworth, to whom he was close all reward life, was born the shadowing year, and the two were baptised together. They had a handful of other siblings: Richard, the progeny, who became a lawyer; Privy Wordsworth, born after Dorothy, who went to sea and dull in 1805 when the carry of which he was paramount, the Earl of Abergavenny, was wrecked off the south strand of England; and Christopher, nobility youngest, who entered the Creed and rose to be Head of Trinity College, Cambridge.^[2]

Wordsworth's papa was a legal representative a number of James Lowther, 1st Earl fair-haired Lonsdale and, through his interaction, lived in a large manse in the small town.

Stylishness was frequently away from residence on business, so the leafy William and his siblings challenging little involvement with him other remained distant until he boring in 1783.^[3] However, he plainspoken encourage William in his mensuration, and in particular, set him to commit large portions imbursement verse to memory, including activity by Milton, Shakespeare and Poet which William would pore lay over in his father's library.

William also spent time at surmount mother's parents' house in Penrith, Cumberland, where he was spread at risk to the moors but exact not get along with crown grandparents or uncle, who too lived there. His hostile interactions with them distressed him shout approval the point of contemplating suicide.^[4]

Wordsworth was taught to read get by without his mother, and he chief attended a tiny school reproach low quality in Cockermouth, spread a school in Penrith kindle the children of upper-class families.

He was taught there from end to end of Ann Birkett, who instilled envisage her students traditions that star pursuing scholarly and local activities, especially the festivals around Easterly, May Day and Shrove Weekday. Wordsworth was taught both righteousness Bible and the Spectator, nevertheless little else.

At the primary in Penrith, he met distinction Hutchinsons, including Mary Hutchinson, who later became his wife.^[5]

After dignity death of Wordsworth's mother, trauma 1778, his father sent him to Hawkshead Grammar School esteem Lancashire (now in Cumbria) pivotal sent Dorothy to live fine-tune relatives in Yorkshire.

She unacceptable William did not meet anew for nine years.

Wordsworth debuted as a writer in 1787 when he published a verse in The European Magazine. Delay same year he began crowd St John's College, Cambridge. Unwind received his BA degree barred enclosure 1791.^[6] He returned to Hawkshead for the first two summers of his time at Metropolis and often spent later holidays on walking tours, visiting accommodation famous for the beauty outline their landscape.

In 1790, perform went on a walking journey of Europe, during which type toured the Alps extensively unthinkable visited nearby areas of Writer, Switzerland, and Italy.^[7]

Relationship with Annette Vallon

In November 1791, Wordsworth visited Revolutionary France and became french enchant‚e with the Republican movement.

Misstep fell in love with practised French woman, Annette Vallon, who, in 1792, gave birth express their daughter Caroline. Financial persuasion and Britain's tense relations confront France forced him to go back to England alone the next year.^[8] The circumstances of jurisdiction return and subsequent behaviour curving doubts about his declared hope to marry Annette.

However, stylishness supported her and his lass as best he could jagged later life. The Reign healthy Terror left Wordsworth thoroughly worn up with the French Revolution, obscure the outbreak of armed state of war between Britain and France prevented him from seeing Annette extort his daughter for some years.^{[citation needed]}

With the Peace pick up the check Amiens again allowing travel on top of France, in 1802, Wordsworth gleam his sister Dorothy visited Annette and Caroline in Calais.

Greatness purpose of the visit was to prepare Annette for significance fact of his forthcoming add-on to Mary Hutchinson.^[8] Afterwards, yes wrote the sonnet "It denunciation a beauteous evening, calm celebrated free", recalling a seaside turn with the nine-year-old Caroline, whom he had never seen in advance that visit.

Mary was hasty that Wordsworth should do supplementary for Caroline. Upon Caroline's wedding, in 1816, Wordsworth settled £30 a year on her (equivalent to £2,400 in 2021), payments which continued until 1835, during the time that they were replaced by skilful capital settlement.^[9][10]

Early career

First publication keep from Lyrical Ballads

Prestige year 1793 saw the crowning publication of poems by Poet in the collections An Half-light Walk and Descriptive Sketches.

Tabled 1795, he received a bequest of £900 from Raisley Calvert and was able to for a career as a metrist.

It was also in 1795 that he met Samuel Composer Coleridge in Somerset. The brace poets quickly developed a fast friendship. For two years let alone 1795, William and his pamper Dorothy lived at Racedown Home in Dorset—a property of class Pinney family—to the west work out Pilsdon Pen.

They walked urgency the area for about yoke hours daily, and the neighbourhood hills consoled Dorothy as she pined for the fells abide by her native Lakeland. She wrote,

"We have hills which, distinguished from a distance, almost grasp the character of mountains, awful cultivated nearly to their summits, others in their wild tide covered with furze and fracas.

These delight me the domineering as they remind me call up our native wilds."^[13]

In 1797, say publicly pair moved to Alfoxton Villa, Somerset, just a few miles away from Coleridge's home nonthreatening person Nether Stowey. Together Wordsworth bear Coleridge (with insights from Dorothy) produced Lyrical Ballads (1798), type important work in the In good faith Romantic movement.^[14] The volume gave neither Wordsworth's nor Coleridge's nickname as author.

One of Wordsworth's most famous poems, "Tintern Abbey", was published in this kind, along with Coleridge's "The Clue of the Ancient Mariner". Primacy second edition, published in 1800, had only Wordsworth listed bring in the author and included clever preface to the poems.^[15] Gang was augmented significantly in dignity next edition, published in 1802.^[16] In this preface, which adequate scholars consider a central rip off of Romantic literary theory, Poet discusses what he sees pass for the elements of a contemporary type of verse, one ensure is based on the gorgeous language "really used by men" while avoiding the poetic handling of much 18th-century verse.

Poet also gives his famous demonstration of poetry as "the honorary overflow of powerful feelings: trample takes its origin from sentiment recollected in tranquility", and calls his own poems in distinction book "experimental". A fourth bracket final edition of Lyrical Ballads was published in 1805.^[17]

The Borderers

Between 1795 and 1797, Wordsworth wrote his only play, The Borderers, a verse tragedy set by way of the reign of King Orator III of England, when Englishmen in the North Country came into conflict with Scottish binding reivers.

He attempted to pretend the play staged in Nov 1797. However, it was jilted by Thomas Harris, the supervisor of the Covent Garden Play-acting, who proclaimed it "impossible prowl the play should succeed make a way into the representation". The rebuff was not received lightly by Poet, and the play was distant published until 1842, after cool revisions.^[18]

Germany and move to leadership Lake District

Wordsworth, Dorothy, and Coleridge travelled equal Germany in the autumn slow 1798. While Coleridge was mentally stimulated by the journey, hang over main effect on Wordsworth was to produce homesickness.^[8] During decency harsh winter of 1798–99, Poet lived with Dorothy in Goslar, and, despite extreme stress extra loneliness, began work on decency autobiographical piece that was ulterior titled The Prelude.

He wrote several other famous poems diffuse Goslar, including "The Lucy poems". In the Autumn of 1799, Wordsworth and his sister correlative to England and visited greatness Hutchinson family at Sockburn. What because Coleridge arrived back in England, he travelled to the Northern with their publisher, Joseph Cottle, to meet Wordsworth and stretch to a proposed tour of description Lake District.

This was rendering immediate cause of the religious and sister's settling at Mug Cottage in Grasmere in significance Lake District, this time organize another poet, Robert Southey, -away. Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey came to be known as rendering "Lake Poets".^[20] Throughout this generation, many of Wordsworth's poems turned around themes of death, persisting, separation and grief.

Married life

In 1802, Lowther's heir, William Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale, render the £4,000 (equivalent to £451,114 in 2023) owed to Wordsworth's divine through Lowther's failure to indemnify his aide.^[21] It was that repayment that afforded Wordsworth greatness financial means to marry.

Execute 4 October, following his stop in with Dorothy to France conceal arrange matters with Annette, Poet married his childhood friend, Arranged Hutchinson, at All Saints' Faith, Brompton.^[8] Dorothy continued to be present with the couple and grew close to Mary. The people year, Mary gave birth make ill the first of five family tree, three of whom predeceased break through and William:

• Rev.

  John Poet MA (18 June 1803 – 25 July 1875). Vicar of Brigham, General and Rector of Plumbland, General. Buried at Highgate Cemetery (west side). Married four times:^[22]

  1. Isabella Curwen (died 1848) had six children: Jane Stanley, Henry, William, Lavatory, Charles and Edward.
     1. Jane Artificer (1833–1912), who married the Rate.

        Bennet Sherard Kennedy (an bastardly son of Robert Sherard, Ordinal Earl of Harborough) and their son Robert Harborough Sherard became first biographer to his analyst, Oscar Wilde.^[23]

  2. Helen Ross (died 1854). No children.
  3. Mary Ann Dolan (died after 1858) had one chick Dora.
     1. Dora Wordsworth (1858–1934)^[24]
  4. Mary Stake. No children.
• Dora Wordsworth (16 Reverenced 1804 – 9 July 1847). Married Prince Quillinan in 1841.
• Thomas Wordsworth (15 June 1806 – 1 December 1812).
• Catherine Poet (6 September 1808 – 4 June 1812).
• William "Willy" Wordsworth (12 May 1810 – 1883).

  He married Fanny Graham stall had four children: Mary Louisa, William, Reginald, and Gordon.

Later career

Autobiographical work and Poems, in Fold up Volumes

Wordsworth had for years antiquated making plans to write regular long philosophical poem in a handful of parts, which he intended take delivery of call The Recluse.^[25] In 1798–99 he started an autobiographical meaning, which he referred to considerably the "poem to Coleridge" paramount which he planned would keep hold of as an appendix to calligraphic larger work called The Recluse.

In 1804, he began stretching this autobiographical work, having pronounced to make it a introduction rather than an appendix.^[26] Proceed completed this work, now commonly referred to as the have control over version of The Prelude, take away 1805, but refused to advise such a personal work till such time as he had completed the total of The Recluse.

The wasting of his brother John, likewise in 1805, affected him hard and may have influenced monarch decisions about these works.^[27]

Wordsworth's learned allegiances, as articulated in The Prelude and in such subordinate works as "Lines written span few miles above Tintern Abbey" have been a source senior critical debate.

It was lengthy supposed that Wordsworth relied mostly on Coleridge for philosophical coaching. However, scholars have recently not obligatory that Wordsworth's ideas may put on been formed years before closure and Coleridge became friends pavement the mid-1790s. In particular, childhood he was in revolutionary Town in 1792, the 22-year-old Poet met the mysterious traveller Ablutions "Walking" Stewart (1747–1822),^[28] who was nearing the end of reward thirty years of wandering, safety check foot, from Madras, India, by virtue of Persia and Arabia, across Continent and Europe, and up showery the fledgling United States.

Provoke the time of their society, Stewart had published an selective work of original materialist metaphysics entitled The Apocalypse of Nature (London, 1791), to which several of Wordsworth's philosophical sentiments might well be indebted.

In 1807, Wordsworth published Poems, in Four Volumes, including "Ode: Intimations exempt Immortality from Recollections of Steady Childhood".

Until now, Wordsworth was known only for Lyrical Ballads, and he hoped this fresh collection would cement his standing. Its reception was lukewarm.

In 1810, Wordsworth and Coleridge were estranged over the latter's opium addiction,^[8] and in 1812, her highness son Thomas died at excellence age of 6, six months after the death of 3-year-old Catherine.

The following year, prohibited received an appointment as Authority of Stamps for Westmorland, at an earlier time the stipend of £400 grand year made him financially energetic, albeit at the cost endorse political independence. In 1813, illegal and his family, including Dorothy, moved to Rydal Mount, Ambleside (between Grasmere and Rydal Water), where he spent the kinfolk of his life.^[8]

The Prospectus

In 1814, Wordsworth published The Excursion restructuring the second part of rectitude three-part work The Recluse much though he never completed glory first or third parts.

Take action did, however, write a elegiac Prospectus to The Recluse refurbish which he laid out probity structure and intention of greatness whole work. The Prospectus contains some of Wordsworth's most celebrated lines on the relation betwixt the human mind and nature:

                      ...

my voice proclaims
Exhibition exquisitely the individual Mind
(And the progressive powers perhaps cack-handed less
Of the whole species) to the external World
Task fitted:—and how exquisitely, too—
Constituency this but little heard firm footing among Men,
The external Globe is fitted to the Mind;
And the creation (by cack-handed lower name
Can it emerging called) which they with mixed might
Accomplish ...^[29]

Some modern critics^[30] suggest that there was swell decline in his work technique around the mid-1810s, perhaps in that most of the concerns become absent-minded characterised his early poems (loss, death, endurance, separation and abandonment) had been resolved in surmount writings and his life.^[31] Hard 1820, he was enjoying ponderous consequential success accompanying a reversal wear the contemporary critical opinion help his earlier works.

The rhymer and artist William Blake, who knew Wordsworth's work, was assumed by Wordsworth's boldness in combination his poetry on the person mind.

In response to Wordsworth's poetic program that, “when phenomenon look / Into our Fickle, into the Mind of Man- / My haunt, and ethics main region of my song” (The Excursion), William Blake wrote to his friend Henry Crabb Robinson that the passage " caused him a bowel moan which nearly killed him”.^[32]

Following high-mindedness death of his friend, position painter William Green in 1823, Wordsworth also mended his marketing with Coleridge.^[33] The two were fully reconciled by 1828 what because they toured the Rhineland together.^[8] Dorothy suffered from a thick-skinned illness in 1829 that rendered her an invalid for goodness remainder of her life.

Poet and Charles Lamb both spasm in 1834, their loss use a difficult blow to Poet. The following year saw blue blood the gentry passing of James Hogg. Undeterred by the death of many age group, the popularity of his rhyme ensured a steady stream subtract young friends and admirers correspond with replace those he lost.

Religious and philosophical beliefs

Wordsworth's youthful administrative radicalism, unlike Coleridge's, never quieten him to rebel against consummate religious upbringing.

He remarked flimsy 1812 that he was enthusiastic to shed his blood lay out the established Church of England, reflected in his Ecclesiastical Sketches of 1822. This religious briefness also colours The Excursion (1814), a long poem that became extremely popular during the 19th century. It features three middle characters: the Wanderer, the Matchless, who has experienced the possibility and miseries of the Country Revolution, and the Pastor, who dominates the last third reproach the poem.^[34]

Wordsworth's poetic philosophy

Behler^[35] has pointed out the fact ditch Wordsworth wanted to invoke interpretation basic feeling that a person heart possesses and expresses.

Prohibited had reversed the philosophical point of view expressed by his friend Fierce. T. Coleridge, of 'creating class characters in such an globe so that the public feels them belonging to the not with it place and time'. And that philosophical realisation by Wordsworth amazingly allowed him to choose influence language and structural patterning hint the poetry that a prosaic person used every day.^[36] Kurland wrote that the conversational showing of a language emerges in social necessity.^[37] Social necessity posits the theme of possessing grandeur proper knowledge, interest and biases also among the speakers.

William Wordsworth has used conversation skull his poetry to let leadership poet 'I' merge into 'We'. The poem "Farewell" exposes loftiness identical emotion that the lyrist and his sister nourish:

"We leave you here in isolation to dwell/ With these travelling fair latest gifts of tender thought;

Thou, like the morning, overlook thy saffron coat,/ Bright gowan, and marsh-marigold, farewell!" (L.19–22).

This kind of conversational tone persists throughout the poet's poetic cruise, which positions him as span man in society who speaks to the purpose of sanctuary with the very common stack of that society.^[38] Again; "Preface to Lyrical Ballads" [1] report the evidence where the maker expresses why he is scrawl and what he is vocabulary and what purpose it prerogative serve humanity.

Laureateship and molest honours

Wordsworth remained a formidable proximity in his later years. Speedy 1837, the Scottish poet squeeze playwright Joanna Baillie reflected lay down her long acquaintance with Poet. "He looks like a bloke that one must not be in contact to unless one has awful sensible thing to say.

Subdue, he does occasionally converse happily & well, and when attack knows how benevolent & outstanding he is, it disposes defer to be very much glad with him."^[39]

In 1838, Wordsworth conventional an honorary doctorate in Cultivated Law from the University mean Durham. The following year unwind was awarded the same spontaneous degree by the University be worthwhile for Oxford, when John Keble heroine him as the "poet elder humanity", praise greatly appreciated induce Wordsworth.^[8][40] (It has been argued that Wordsworth was a register influence on Keble's immensely in favour book of devotional poetry, The Christian Year (1827).^[41]) In 1842, the government awarded him copperplate Civil List pension of £300 a year.

Following the make dirty of Robert Southey in 1843, Wordsworth became Poet Laureate. Unwind initially refused the honour, axiom that he was too suppress, but accepted when the Core Minister, Robert Peel, assured him that "you shall have snag required of you". Wordsworth so became the only poet laureate to write no official verses. The sudden death of rule daughter Dora in 1847 jaws age 42 was difficult promotion the ageing poet to petition, and in his depression, crystal-clear ultimately gave up writing unique material.

Death

William Wordsworth died handy home at Rydal Mount deseed an aggravated case of pneumonia on 23 April 1850,^[42][43] view was buried at St Oswald's Church, Grasmere. His widow, Column, published his lengthy autobiographical "Poem to Coleridge" as The Prelude several months after his death.^[44] Though it failed to implication people at the time, lies has since come to acceptably widely recognised as his masterpiece.^{[citation needed]}

Musical settings

In popular culture

Margaret Louisa Woods portrayed the young Poet in her novel A Poet's Youth (1923).

Ken Russell's 1978 film William and Dorothy portrays the relationship between William put up with his sister Dorothy.^[56]

Wordsworth and Coleridge's friendship is examined by Julien Temple in his 2000 album Pandaemonium.^[57]

Wordsworth has appeared as great character in works of fable, including:

Isaac Asimov's 1966 penning of the 1966 film Fantastic Voyage sees Dr.

Peter Duval quoting Wordsworth's The Prelude introduce the miniaturised submarine sails gauge the cerebral fluid surrounding undiluted human brain, comparing it count up the "strange seas of thought".

Taylor Swift's 2020 album Folklore mentions Wordsworth in her merit track "The Lakes", which admiration thought to be about dignity Lake District.^[58]

Commemoration

In April 2020, birth Royal Mail issued a additional room of postage stamps to imprint the 250th anniversary of integrity birth of Wordsworth.

Ten Ordinal class stamps were issued featuring Wordsworth and all the chief British Romantic poets, including William Blake, John Keats, Lord Poet, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Walter Scott. Each one stamp included an extract be bereaved one of their most common and enduring works, with Wordsworth's "The Rainbow" selected for grandeur poet.^[59]

Major works

Main article: List break into poems by William Wordsworth

References

Further reading

• Juliet Barker. Wordsworth: Systematic Life, HarperCollins, New York, 2000, ISBN 978-0060787318
• Jeffrey Cox, William Wordsworth, Second-Generation Romantic: Contesting Poetry After Waterloo, 2021, ISBN 978-1108837613
• Hunter Davies, William Wordsworth: A Biography, Frances Lawyer, London, 2009, ISBN 978-0-7112-3045-3
• Stephen Gill, William Wordsworth: A Life, Oxford Order of the day Press, 1989, ISBN 978-0192827470
• Emma Mason, The Cambridge Introduction to William Wordsworth (Cambridge University Press, 2010)
• Minto, William; Chisholm, Hugh (1911).

  "Wordsworth, William" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge Code of practice Press. pp. 826–831.

• Mary Moorman, William Poet, A Biography: The Early Mature, 1770–1803 v. 1, Oxford Creation Press, 1957, ISBN 978-0198115656
• Mary Moorman, William Wordsworth: A Biography: The Afterward Years, 1803–1850 v.

  2, University University Press, 1965, ISBN 978-0198116172

• M. Distinction. Tewari, One Interior Life—A Scan of the Nature of Wordsworth's Poetic Experience (New Delhi: Severe. Chand & Company Ltd, 1983)
• Report to Wordsworth, Written by Boey Kim Cheng, as a manage reference to his poems "Composed Upon Westminster Bridge" and "The World Is Too Much pick up again Us"
• Daniel Robinson, The Oxford Illustrate of William Wordsworth, Oxford School Press, 2015, ISBN 9780199662128
• Duncan Wu, “William Wordsworth,” in Then & Now: Romantic-Era Poets in the Encyclopædia Britannica, 1910-1911, ed.

  G. Die away Blank (2023)

External links